Abstract. The 2060 Ma old Palabora Carbonatite Complex (PCC), South Africa, comprises diverse REE mineral assemblages formed during different stages and …
These primary carbonates are rarely preserved owing to dissolution by later fluids, and are replaced in-situ by monazite and alkali-free REE- (fluor)carbonates. brine-melt, burbankite, critical metals, rare earths, alkaline complexes INTRODUCTION Carbonatites are one of the most prospective rock types on Earth.
The world largest phoscorite-carbonatite complexes of the Kovdor (Russia) and Palabora (South Africa) alkaline-ultrabasic massifs have comparable composition, structure and metallogenic specialization, and can be considered close relatives. Distribution of rock-forming sulfides within the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite complex reflects gradual …
Abstract. Palabora is the largest known alkaline ring complex with a carbonatite core. In addition to the apatite-rich rocks, iron ores, and traces of radioactive Minerals that these complexes normally include, Palabora is unique for containing a major copper sulphide ore body in the carbonatite, and for a substantial zone of vermiculite-rich ...
The Phalaborwa Complex is located in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, and is well known as the only copper deposit associated with carbonatite-type rocks. Intruded in the Archean granites of the Kaapvaal Craton, the annular-shaped complex is composed principally of pyroxenite, phoscorite, and calcite-carbonatite.
Carbonatite complexes such as Bayan Obo (China), Araxá and Catalão (Brazil), Phalaborwa (South Africa) are the main sources for light rare earth elements …
2 25 evolutionary stages of the PCC. The identification of the latter five REE minerals during this 26 study represents their first described occurrences in the PCC as well as in a carbonatite 27 complex in South Africa. 28 The variable REE mineral assemblages reflect a multi-stage origin: 1. Fergusonite and REE-29 Ti-betafite occur as inclusions in primary …
A carbonatite sample from Phalaborwa, South Africa, consists of apatite, magnetite and a calcitedolomite 'perthite' which is interpreted as being due to exsolution of dolomite from a high-Mg ...
REE extraction from East tailing might produce up to 5.65 kg/t. • Re-mining tailings reduces the waste of resources and their environmental impact. The Phalaborwa (Palabora) Igneous Complex (PIC), South Africa, has been mined for the last six decades for copper and phosphate, among others commodities.
To our knowledge, magmatic fergusonite has been identified in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa (Giebel et al., 2017), ... Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex. South Africa. American Mineralogist, 102 (6) (2017), pp. 1218-1233.
The Phalabowra (Palabora) carbonatite-hosted magnetite-copper sulfide deposit, South Africa: an end-member of the iron-oxide copper-gold-rare earth element deposit group — the UWA Profiles and Research Repository
Orbicular rhythmic layering in the Palabora carbonatite, South Africa. Geological Magazine, 121: 53-60.MORGAN, G.E. and BRIDEN, J.C. 1981. Aspects of Precambrian palaeomagnetism, with new data from the Limpopo Mobile Belt and Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 24: 142-68.PALABORA …
The Phalaborwa (Palabora) Igneous Complex (PIC), South Africa, has been mined for the last six decades for copper and phosphate, among others commodities. As …
Carbonatites are the main source of light rare earth elements (LREE) and Sc, including Bayan Obo (China) with 57.4 Mt. 4–6% rare earth oxides (REO) cutoff; Mountain Pass (USA) with 28 Mt. at 5–10% REO; Mount Weld (Australia) with 11–17% REO; Tomtor, Russia (8–31% REO) and Aracha, Brazil (2.5–13 wt% REO) (H.-R. Fan et al., 2016a; …
The geology of the Palabora igneous complex. Geological Survey of South Africa, Memoir, 54: 1-185. LOMBAARD, A.F., WARD-ABLE, N.M. and BRUCE, R.W. 1964. The …
South Africa: Buffalo Fluorspar: Other, F deposits: Transvaal: South Africa: Nooitgedacht (Gelukshoek, Nooitgedagt) Carbonatite (not specified) South Africa: Palabora (Phalaborwa) Carbonatite (not specified) South Africa: Hwajinpo: Placer, shoreline (not specified) South Korea: Janghowon: Placer, alluvial (not specified) South Korea: Kusipo ...
The Phalabowra (Palabora) carbonatite-hosted magnetite–copper sulfide deposit, South Africa: an end-member of the iron-oxide copper–gold–rare earth element deposit group? | SpringerLink Home Mineralium Deposita …
REE-P type: This type of ore is composed of calcite carbonatite and calcite-dolomite carbonatite. Average ore grades are 1% RE 2 O 3 (RE 2 O 3; 0.32–1.55%) and 2% P 2 O 5 (P 2 O 5; 0.53–6.08%). 3. REE-Nb-P type: this is a REE-niobium-phosphorus enriched ore; and composed of some calcite-dolomite carbonatite.
Three-dimensional textural investigation of sulfide mineralisation from the Loolekop carbonatite–phoscorite polyphase intrusion in the Phalaborwa Igneous Complex (South Africa), with implications for ore-forming processes | Mineralogical Magazine | Cambridge Core Home > Journals > Mineralogical Magazine > Volume 85 Issue 4
The 2060 Ma old Palabora Carbonatite Complex (PCC), South Africa, comprises diverse REE mineral assemblages formed during different stages and reflects an outstanding instance to understand the evolution of a carbonatite-related REE mineralization from orthomagmatic to late-magmatic stages and their secondary post-magmatic overprint.
The Proterozoic Phalaborwa (Palabora) complex of South Africa is unusually Cu rich ( Eriksson, 1989 ), with apatite crystals from the central transgressive carbonatite containing appreciable quantities of REEs (Ce ~3,000 ppm; Dawson and Hinton, 2003 ). …
Vermiculite and phlogopite deposits are predominantly hosted by mafic or ultramafic rocks of the alkaline-carbonatite complex (e.g. Northern pyroxenite at Palabora, South Africa; Heinrich Citation 1970; …
Of these, the largest include Bayan Obo (China), Mountain Pass (USA) and Palabora (also spelled Phalaborwa, South Africa; Pirajno 2009). Carbonatite-related …
Hitherto unknown rare orbicular carbonatites and associated nodular structures occur in the southeastern parts of the Cretaceous Sung valley ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complex (SUACC), Shillong plateau, Meghalaya, northeast India.
Carbonatite complexes such as Bayan Obo (China), Araxá and Catalão (Brazil), Phalaborwa (South Africa) are the main sources for light rare earth elements (LREE) and Nb, and also contain...
PO Box 94, Artillery Road, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 5 Department of Earth Science, Rice University... Abstract The 2060 Ma old Palabora Carbonatite Complex (PCC), South Africa, comprises diverse REE mineral... outstanding instance to understand the evolution of a carbonatite-related REE mineralization from orthomagmatic
Carbonatites are a special group of carbonate-rich igneous rocks and the world's primary source of rare earth elements (REE), niobium, zirconium, and phosphate oxide. They contain more than 50% primary carbonate minerals, less than 20% silicate minerals (pyroxene, amphibole, and olivine), and few phosphate minerals.
Although there are more than 500 known carbonatites in the world, currently only four are being mined for REEs: the Bayan Obo, Maoniuping, and Dalucao deposits in China, and the Mountain Pass deposit in California, United States. The carbonatite-derived laterite deposit at Mount Weld in Western Australia is also a REE producer.