The cement industry is one of the most intensive energy consumers in the industrial sectors. The energy consumption represents 40% to 60% of production cost. Additionally, the cement industry contributes around 5% to 8% of all man-made CO 2 emissions. Physiochemical and thermochemical reactions involved in cement kilns are still not well understood because of their complexity.
clinker and prepares it for efficient exposure to the cooling air. The cross bars are raised about 90 mm above the grate line so there is no contact with the grate itself, and the grate is further protected by a bed of clinker. This extends the grate life considerably in comparison with the moving grate cooler models.
The purpose of a cooler is, obviously, to cool the clinker. This is important for a several reasons: From an engineering viewpoint, cooling is necessary to prevent damage to clinker handling equipment such as conveyors. From both a process and chemical viewpoint, it is beneficial to minimise clinker temperature as it enters the cement mill.
May 16, 2020· Clinker production stages. When raw meals enter the rotary kiln and are heated by the high temperature, they will go through six reaction stages in turn, namely drying, preheating, chemical decomposition, exothermic reaction, sintering and cooling.
With operating temperatures exceeding up to 1300°C, the measurement of important parameters, such as the level of clinker on the cooling grates, is fraught with problems. Traditional, intrusive level measurement technologies simply cannot last in such a harsh environment.
Accurate regulation of temperature and pressure in each cyclone chamber. Calculating the retention time of clinker in the preheater and in the kiln. CO2 gas emission measurement, NOx gas cleaning and desulphurization. Achieving clinker cooling by cross-flow air blown through a clinker layer
Jul 19, 2019· The grate cooler in cement production line is responsible for cooling, conveying and heat recovery of clinker from kiln.The normal operation of grate cooler is related to the design, manufacture, installation and maintenance of the equipment.. 1. Premise of normal operation. The operation of grate cooler should ensure its safe and normal operation.According to the running condition of kiln ...
The entire cement production process is highly automated, high quality, environmentally friendly, safe and trouble free. 2. Good product quality. The production line homogenizes raw material components, reduces quality fluctuations, facilitates the production of higher quality clinker and stabilizes the production of the burning system. 3.
iii EFFECT OF COOLING RATES ON MINERALIZATION IN PORTLAND CEMENT CLINKER Robert Alan Bullard, Candidate for the Master of Science Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2015
C. David Lawrence, in Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete (Fourth Edition), 1998. Effect of proportions and activities of the main clinker minerals on water demand and fluidity. Slow cooling during clinker production results in an increased reactivity, due to the production of larger crystal sizes for C 3 A, and consequently larger water demand. 77. Effect of sulfate type and content on ...
the cooling process. Thanks to the intermediate crusher, the cooling process on the second grate is optimised, reducing the ultimate clinker temperature and thus also producing higher cooler exhaust air temperatures. These higher exhaust air temperatures have a decisive influence on the operating econo-my of cooler waste heat utilisation systems
A method of cooling cement clinker produced in a rotary kiln, which comprises cooling the clinker discharged from the kiln, returning a portion of the cooled clinker to the kiln at a point beyond the clinkering zone to be mixed with the hot clinker leaving the zone and regulating the amount of the cooled clinker returned to insure that it will ...
4. Calcination temperature. During normal production process, the clinker is always calcined in a fixed temperature range. According to the fluctuation of raw meal composition, the calcination temperature of clinker is generally between 1350℃ and 1450℃. If the temperature in the kiln is too low, it is easy to produce underfired clinker.
Diffusion, cooling the hot clinker. Cooling air after cooling process becomes hot air, and the high-temperature hot air is used as combustion air into the kiln and decomposition furnace (pre-decomposition kiln system), and some hot air can also be used for drying, and extra hot air will be discharged into the atmosphere after dust-removing.
The clinker cooler is one of the most critical applications in cement production as the rate of cooling can be critical to the clinker quality and overall performance of cement.: ... Flow meters for air cooling and high temperature radar level sensors for clinker bed height ... To save energy, we help improve clinker production with integrated ...
Dec 14, 2018· The Burning Zone. Also known as the firing zone, the burning zone is at the lower end of the rotary kiln, where the cement components are heated to about 1,300° C to 1,450° C, forming clinker. Accurate temperature measurements are critical for product …
Clinker cooling. A very important process during cement production is the cooling of the clinker, since to a large extent the quality and characteristics of the cement depend on this phase. The hot clinker produced in the rotary kiln is transferred to a cooler, …
Jul 27, 2021· Cooling water flows countercurrent within the plates, cooling the cement by conduction to its final stable temperature. Indirect heat exchangers can consume up to 90% less energy than conventional technologies and in some cases allow for energy …
The purpose of the present study is to develop a simplified dynamical model of clinker cooling process performed in grate coolers. The responses of three different pressures to changes of the ...
The role and fate of minor elements is closely associated with the rate of clinker cooling, but systematic studies on understanding of these two factors together are lacking. This 4-year PhD project aims to systematically examine the effect of cooling rates and minor elements (Mg, S, Na, Zn, F and P) on the stability, composition ...
flow temperature, tertiary air flow temperature and clinker temperature. Table 3.1: Raw Meal-Fuel-Clinker Data Test Time 2017- 02 - 14 (20:00) ~ 2017- 02 - 15 (20:00) Ambient Temperature 28.3℃ Test Items Unit Data Remarks Clinker Production tph 264.71 By CCR Clinker Temperature inlet of Cooler
The clinker outlet temperatures obtained from simulations were validated with theoretical evaluation. Results showed that with clinker and cooling air flow rates of 0.2 kg/s and 0.54 kg/s respectively and with a clinker bed height of 0.6 m. An optimum cooler performance was achieved with clinker outlet temperature of 68 oC. The scaled down ...
Exhaust gases A Free water Clay decomposes B Formation of initial compounds Initial formation finitia of Cys С D E F Clinkering zone Clinker out 800°C Cooling zone Gas temp. Feed temp. 450°C + 50°C ---- 1200°C 1350°C 1550°C ---+-----+----+-- 1000°C 1350°C 1450°C Cooling grate 600°C
Clinker cooling is necessary because. 1. Hot clinker is difficult to convey. 2. Hot clinker has a negative effect on the grinding process. 3. Reclaimed heat content of the hot clinker is an important factor in lowering the production cost. 4. Proper cooling improves the quality of cement.
Cement manufacturing requires cooling down of hot clinker at temperature of about 1350o C to temperature lower than 100 o C in a cooling system known as clinker cooler. Many plants are unable to ...
Clinker cooler serves two main objective of cooling clinker from temperature of about 1350 0C to the temperature (65-150 0C) where it can be handled by conveyors like pan conveyors, chain, Elevators etc. and heat recovery from hot clinker coming out of kiln. A huge development has happened in clinker coolers designs and types as well.
An easy-to-install clinker cooler excess gas cooling solution, our air-to-air heat exchanger can handle gas temperatures up to 500°C. A modular design allows you to customise where the excess gas enters the system and offers flexibility for ease of expansion. The small axial fans are energy efficient, saving on …
In the production of cement clinker, the clinker used in a clinker cooler process heat, for example, used to generate electricity. For this purpose, 20 hot clinker is placed on a grate 11 of an oven and cooled there with a cooling gas, while the clinker bed 19 is transported from a furnace-side clinker inlet 17 to a clinker outlet 18. The cooling gas is withdrawn via a clinker outlet-side ...